PERFORM Publications

Keyword search (4,163 papers available)

Title		Authors	PubMed ID
1	Bilingual children s comprehension of code-switching at an uninformative adjective	Kremin LV; Jardak A; Lew-Williams C; Byers-Heinlein K;	41821919 CONCORDIA
2	Biological sex and bilingualism: Its impact on risk and resilience for dementia	Calvo N; Phillips N; Bialystok E; Einstein G;	41573422 PSYCHOLOGY
3	Parental Language Mixing in Montreal: Rates, Predictors, and Relation to Infants Vocabulary Size	Paquette A; Byers-Heinlein K;	41153161 PSYCHOLOGY
4	Efficient neural encoding as revealed by bilingualism	Moore C; Donhauser PW; Klein D; Byers-Heinlein K;	40828024 PSYCHOLOGY
5	The effects of referential continuity on novel word learning in bilingual and monolingual preschoolers	Moore C; Williams ME; Byers-Heinlein K;	39798202 CONCORDIA
6	Infants' Knowledge of Individual Words: Investigating Links Between Parent Report and Looking Time	López Pérez M; Moore C; Sander-Montant A; Byers-Heinlein K;	39639457 CONCORDIA
7	Mixed-Language Input and Infant Volubility: Friend or Foe?	Ruan Y; Byers-Heinlein K; Orena AJ; Polka L;	38187471 PSYCHOLOGY
8	The more they hear the more they learn? Using data from bilinguals to test models of early lexical development	Sander-Montant A; López Pérez M; Byers-Heinlein K;	37402336 PSYCHOLOGY
9	Integration of visual context in early and late bilingual language processing: evidence from eye-tracking	Abashidze D; Schmidt A; Trofimovich P; Mercier J;	37179896 EDUCATION
10	Age of Acquisition Modulates Alpha Power During Bilingual Speech Comprehension in Noise	Grant AM; Kousaie S; Coulter K; Gilbert AC; Baum SR; Gracco V; Titone D; Klein D; Phillips NA;	35548507 CRDH
11	Are translation equivalents special? Evidence from simulations and empirical data from bilingual infants	Tsui RK; Gonzalez-Barrero AM; Schott E; Byers-Heinlein K;	35430556 PSYCHOLOGY
12	Effects of language mixing on bilingual children's word learning	Byers-Heinlein K; Jardak A; Fourakis E; Lew-Williams C;	35399292 PSYCHOLOGY
13	Bilingual Language Development in Infancy: What Can We Do to Support Bilingual Families?	Fibla L; Kosie JE; Kircher R; Lew-Williams C; Byers-Heinlein K;	35224184 CONCORDIA
14	Bilingual language experience and the neural underpinnings of working memory	Kousaie S; Chen JK; Baum SR; Phillips NA; Titone D; Klein D;	34728242 PSYCHOLOGY
15	Spoken Word Segmentation in First and Second Language: When ERP and Behavioral Measures Diverge	Gilbert AC; Lee JG; Coulter K; Wolpert MA; Kousaie S; Gracco VL; Klein D; Titone D; Phillips NA; Baum SR;	34603133 PSYCHOLOGY
16	Fine-tuning language discrimination: Bilingual and monolingual infants' detection of language switching	Schott E; Mastroberardino M; Fourakis E; Lew-Williams C; Byers-Heinlein K;	34482624 CONCORDIA
17	Near native-like stress pattern perception in English-French bilinguals as indexed by the mismatch negativity.	Gilbert AC, Honda CT, Phillips NA, Baum SR	33333337 PSYCHOLOGY
18	Statistical learning of multiple speech streams: A challenge for monolingual infants.	Benitez VL, Bulgarelli F, Byers-Heinlein K, Saffran JR, Weiss DJ	31444822 CONCORDIA
19	What you learn & when you learn it: Impact of early bilingual & music experience on the structural characteristics of auditory-motor pathways	Vaquero L; Rousseau PN; Vozian D; Klein D; Penhune V;	32119984 PSYCHOLOGY
20	What do bilingual infants actually hear? Evaluating measures of language input to bilingual-learning 10-month-olds	Orena AJ; Byers-Heinlein K; Polka L;	31505096 PSYCHOLOGY
21	Language learning experience and mastering the challenges of perceiving speech in noise	Kousaie S; Baum S; Phillips NA; Gracco V; Titone D; Chen JK; Chai XJ; Klein D;	31284145 PSYCHOLOGY
22	Structural brain differences between monolingual and multilingual patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer disease: Evidence for cognitive reserve	Hilary D Duncan	29287966 PSYCHOLOGY

Title:	Biological sex and bilingualism: Its impact on risk and resilience for dementia
Authors:	Calvo N, Phillips N, Bialystok E, Einstein G
Link:	https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41573422/
DOI:	10.1002/dad2.70255
Publication:	Alzheimer s & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
Keywords:	GFAP; NfL; bilingualism; mild cognitive impairment; p‐; tau181; risk and resilience; sex differences;
PMID:	41573422	Category:	Date Added:	2026-01-23
Dept Affiliation:	PSYCHOLOGY 1 Department of Psychology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada. 2 Department of Psychology Concordia University Montreal Quebec Canada. 3 Department of Psychology York University Toronto Ontario Canada. 4 Tema Genus Linkoping University Linkoping Sweden. 5 Rotman Research Institute Baycrest Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada. 6 Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada.

Description:

Introduction: The relationship between biological sex, considered a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), and bilingualism, a resilience factor, is unclear. We assessed this relationship in 335 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a Canadian cohort.

Methods: We used univariate analysis and structural equation modelling to study the relationship between female sex and bilingualism. We created a resilience index (RI) for each participant using the residual approach. Logistic and linear regressions predicted cognitive and brain health in relation to RI.

Results: Overall, bilingual males had increased RI. Higher RI was associated with less risk of AD and less neuropathology and glial activation as indexed by plasma p-tau181, neurofilament light, and glial fibrillary acidic protein.

Discussion: In MCI, the combination of elevated estradiol levels due to aromatization and bilingualism may provide synergistic protection for verbal memory, making old bilingual males more resilient.

Highlights: Sex steroids influence verbal memoryIn a structural equation modeling (SEM) model, verbal memory mediates cognitive declineElevated estradiol from aromatization makes old bilinguals more resilient.

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