Author(s): Bagheri H; Friedman H; Hadwen A; Jarweh C; Cooper E; Oprea L; Guerrier C; Khadra A; Collin A; Cohen-Adad J; Young A; Victoriano GM; Swire M; Jarjour A; Bechler ME; Pryce RS; Chaurand P; Cougnaud L; Vuckovic D; Wilion E; Greene O; Nishiya ...

Myelin basic protein (Mbp) is essential for both elaboration and maintenance of CNS myelin, and its reduced accumulation results in hypomyelination. How different Mbp mRNA levels affect myelin dimensions across the lifespan and how resident glial cells may respond to such changes are unknown. Her ...

Article GUID: 39023138

Author(s): Deroche MLD; Wolfe J; Neumann S; Manning J; Hanna L; Towler W; Wilson C; Bien AG; Miller S; Schafer E; Gemignani J; Alemi R; Muthuraman M; Koirala N; Gracco VL;

Over the first years of life, the brain undergoes substantial organization in response to environmental stimulation. In a silent world, it may promote vision by (i) recruiting resources from the auditory cortex and (ii) making the visual cortex more efficient. It is unclear when such changes occu ...

Article GUID: 38846536

Author(s): Jäger AP; Bailey A; Huntenburg JM; Tardif CL; Villringer A; Gauthier CJ; Nikulin V; Bazin PL; Steele CJ;

Decreased long-range temporal correlations (LRTC) in brain signals can be used to measure cognitive effort during task execution. Here, we examined how learning a motor sequence affects long-range temporal memory within resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging signal. Using the Hurst e ...

Article GUID: 38124341

Author(s): Alemi R; Wolfe J; Neumann S; Manning J; Towler W; Koirala N; Gracco VL; Deroche M;

Sensory deprivation can offset the balance of audio versus visual information in multimodal processing. Such a phenomenon could persist for children born deaf, even after they receive cochlear implants (CIs), and could potentially explain why one modality is given priority over the other. Here, we recorded cortical responses to a single speaker uttering t ...

Article GUID: 37989460

Author(s): Joyce BJ; Brown GE;

Neuroplasticity enables teleosts to promote or downregulate the growth of their brains regionally. To compensate for the effects of predation pressure, teleosts may alter their brain morphology and behavioral responses to mitigate its impact on individual fitness. High-predation environments often promote specific patterns of brain growth and produce bold ...

Article GUID: 37876646

Author(s): Shenker JJ; Steele CJ; Zatorre RJ; Penhune VB;

A body of current evidence suggests that there is a sensitive period for musical training: people who begin training before the age of seven show better performance on tests of musical skill, and also show differences in brain structure-especially in motor cortical and cerebellar regions-compared with those who start later. We used support vector machine ...

Article GUID: 37326147

Author(s): Paul KI; Mueller K; Rousseau PN; Glathe A; Taatgen NA; Cnossen F; Lanzer P; Villringer A; Steele CJ;

Performing endovascular medical interventions safely and efficiently requires a diverse set of skills that need to be practised in dedicated training sessions. Here, we used multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to determine the structural and functional plasticity and core skills associated ...

Article GUID: 36529202

Author(s): Shenker JJ; Steele CJ; Chakravarty MM; Zatorre RJ; Penhune VB;

Adult abilities in complex cognitive domains such as music appear to depend critically on the age at which training or experience begins, and relevant experience has greater long-term effects during periods of peak maturational change. Previous work has shown that early trained musicians (ET; < age 7) out-perform later-trained musicians (LT; > age 7 ...

Article GUID: 34657166

Author(s): Olajide OJ; Alliy ZO; Ojo DO; Osinubi OO; Bello SO; Ibrahim FE; Adukwu FO; Abikoye TO; Gbadamosi IT; Mutholib NY; Bamisi O; Ajiboye OJ; Okesina AA; Alli-Oluwafuyi A; Oyewole AL; Nafiu AB; Akinola O;

Despite reports that quinoline antimalarials including chloroquine (Chq) exhibit idiosyncratic neuropsychiatric effects even at low doses, the drug continues to be in widespread use during pregnancy. Surprisingly, very few studies have examined the potential neurotoxic action of Chq exposure at d ...

Article GUID: 33845156

Author(s): Tremblay SA; Jäger AT; Huck J; Giacosa C; Beram S; Schneider U; Grahl S; Villringer A; Tardif CL; Bazin PL; Steele CJ; Gauthier CJ;

Efficient neural transmission is crucial for optimal brain function, yet the plastic potential of white matter (WM) has long been overlooked. Growing evidence now shows that modifications to axons and myelin occur not only as a result of long-term learning, but also after short training periods. ...

Article GUID: 33885965

Author(s): Yates MC, Fraser DJ

Phenotypic reaction norms are often shaped and constrained by selection and are important for allowing organisms to respond to environmental change. However, selection cannot constrain reaction norms for environmental conditions that populations have not experienced. This may allow cryptic neutral genetic variation for the reaction norm to accumulate such ...

Article GUID: 33274531