Author(s): Batallán Burrowes AA; Moisan É; Garrone A; Buynack LM; Chapman CA;

Estrogens are believed to modulate cognitive functions in part through the modulation of synaptic transmission in the cortex and hippocampus. Administration of 17ß-estradiol (E2) can rapidly enhance excitatory synaptic transmission in the hippocampus and facilitate excitatory synaptic transmission in rat lateral entorhinal cortex via activation of the G p ...

Article GUID: 39150316

Author(s): Wang Z; Diedrichsen J; Saltoun K; Steele C; Arnold-Anteraper SR; Yeo BTT; Schmahmann JD; Bzdok D;

The human cerebellum is increasingly recognized to be involved in non-motor and higher-order cognitive functions. Yet, its ties with the entire cerebral cortex have not been holistically studied in a whole-brain exploration with a unified analytical framework. Here, we characterized dissociable c ...

Article GUID: 39052236

Author(s): Omar A Qureshi

This study examined the effect of danger on consolidation of neutral information in two regions of the rat (male and female) medial temporal lobe: the perirhinal cortex (PRh) and basolateral amygdala complex (BLA). The neutral information was the association that forms between an auditory stimulus and a visual stimulus (labeled S2 and S1) across their pai ...

Article GUID: 36927572

Author(s): Brown A; Villaruel FR; Chaudhri N;

Extinction is a fundamental form of inhibitory learning that is important for adapting to changing environmental contingencies. While numerous studies have investigated the neural correlates of extinction using Pavlovian fear conditioning and appetitive operant reward-seeking procedures, less is known about the neural circuitry mediating the extinction of ...

Article GUID: 36496079

Author(s): Brown A; Chaudhri N;

Contexts associated with prior reinforcement can renew extinguished conditioned responding. The prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices are thought to mediate the expression and suppression of conditioned responding, respectively. Evidence suggests that PL inputs to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) drive the expression of cue-induced ...

Article GUID: 36373226

Author(s): Hart EE; Gardner MPH; Panayi MC; Kahnt T; Schoenbaum G;

Recording action potentials extracellularly during behavior has led to fundamental discoveries regarding neural function-hippocampal neurons respond to locations in space,1 motor cortex neurons encode movement direction,2 and dopamine neurons signal reward prediction errors3-observations undergirding current theories of cognition,4 movement,5 and learning ...

Article GUID: 36368324

Author(s): Olajide OJ; La Rue C; Bergdahl A; Chapman CA;

Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in early synaptic perturbations and neuropathology that drive memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We recently showed that solubilized human amyloid beta peptide 1-42 (hAß1-42) causes rapid alterati ...

Article GUID: 36275011

Author(s): Rurak GM; Simard S; Freitas-Andrade M; Lacoste B; Charih F; Van Geel A; Stead J; Woodside B; Green JR; Coppola G; Salmaso N;

Astroglial cells are key players in the development and maintenance of neurons and neuronal networks. Astroglia express steroid hormone receptors and show rapid responses to hormonal manipulations. However, despite important sex differences in the cortex and hippocampus, few studies have examined ...

Article GUID: 35108542

Author(s): Hart EE; Gardner MPH; Schoenbaum G;

Of all frontocortical subregions, the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has perhaps the most overlapping theories of function.1-3 Recording studies in rats, humans, and other primates have reported diverse neural responses that support many theories,4-12 yet nearly all these studies have in common tasks in which one event reliably predicts another. This lea ...

Article GUID: 34936884

Author(s): Villaruel FR; Martins M; Chaudhri N;

The capacity to suppress learned responses is essential for animals to adapt in dynamic environments. Extinction is a process by which animals learn to suppress conditioned responding when an expected outcome is omitted. The infralimbic cortex (IL) to nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) neural circuit is implicated in suppressing conditioned responding after e ...

Article GUID: 34880119

Author(s): Sharini H; Zolghadriha S; Riyahi Alam N; Jalalvandi M; Khabiri H; Arabalibeik H; Nadimi M;

Background: Functional Magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures the small fluctuation of blood flow happening during task-fMRI in brain regions. Objective: This research investigated these active, imagery and passive movements in volunteers design to permit a comparison of their capabilities i ...

Article GUID: 34458199