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Changes during leaf ontogeny affect palatability to herbivores, such that many insects, including the eastern spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)), are specialist feeders on growing conifer leaves and buds. Developmental constraints imply lower toughness in developing foliage, and optimal defense theory predicts higher investment in chemical ...

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Author(s): Despland E, Santacruz PG

PeerJ. 2020;8:e8782 Authors: Despland E, Santacruz PG

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