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A unified stochastic SIR model driven by Lévy noise with time-dependency

Author(s): Easlick T; Sun W;

We propose a unified stochastic SIR model driven by Lévy noise. The model is structural enough to allow for time-dependency, nonlinearity, discontinuity, demography, and environmental disturbances. We present concise results on the existence and uniqueness of positive global solutions and investigate the extinction and persistence of the novel model. Exam ...

Article GUID: 39027117


Palatability attributed to alcohol and alcohol-paired flavors

Author(s): Valyear MD; Eustachon NM; Britt JP;

The orosensory features of alcoholic drinks are potent relapse triggers because they acquire incentive properties during consumption, including enhanced palatability. Whether mice similarly perceive alcoholic drinks to be more palatable after repeated consumption is complicated by reports showing that alcohol elicits aversive taste reactivity responses an ...

Article GUID: 38430645


Global meta-analysis of urbanization stressors on insect abundance, richness, and traits

Author(s): Vaz S; Manes S; Khattar G; Mendes M; Silveira L; Mendes E; de Morais Rodrigues E; Gama-Maia D; Lorini ML; Macedo M; Paiva PC;

Anthropic stressors are among the greatest concerns in nature conservation. Among these, deforestation and urban expansion are major drivers of habitat loss, which is a major threat to biodiversity. Insects, the largest and most abundant group of animals, are declining at alarming rates. However, ...

Article GUID: 37543317


A new circuit underlying the renewal of appetitive Pavlovian responses: Commentary on Brown and Chaudhri (2022)

Author(s): Valyear MD; Britt JP;

No abstract available

Article GUID: 36700576


Optogenetic stimulation of infralimbic cortex projections to the paraventricular thalamus attenuates context-induced renewal

Author(s): Brown A; Chaudhri N;

Contexts associated with prior reinforcement can renew extinguished conditioned responding. The prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) cortices are thought to mediate the expression and suppression of conditioned responding, respectively. Evidence suggests that PL inputs to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) drive the expression of cue-induced ...

Article GUID: 36373226


Learning processes in relapse to alcohol use: lessons from animal models

Author(s): Valyear MD; LeCocq MR; Brown A; Villaruel FR; Segal D; Chaudhri N;

Rationale: Alcohol use is reliably preceded by discrete and contextual stimuli which, through diverse learning processes, acquire the capacity to promote alcohol use and relapse to alcohol use. Objective: We review contemporary extinction, renewal, reinstatement, occasion setting, and sex differences research within a conditioning framework of relapse to ...

Article GUID: 36264342


Experimental chambers Persistent disruption of overexpectation learning after inactivation of the lateral orbitofrontal cortex in male rats

Author(s): Lay BPP; Choudhury R; Esber GR; Iordanova MD;

Rationale and objective: Learning to inhibit acquired fear responses is fundamental to adaptive behavior. Two procedures that support such learning are extinction and overexpectation. In extinction, an expected outcome is omitted, whereas in overexpectation two individually trained cues are presented in compound to induce an expectation of a greater outco ...

Article GUID: 35932299


Understanding Associative Learning Through Higher-Order Conditioning

Author(s): Gostolupce D; Lay BPP; Maes EJP; Iordanova MD;

Associative learning is often considered to require the physical presence of stimuli in the environment in order for them to be linked. This, however, is not a necessary condition for learning. Indeed, associative relationships can form between events that are never directly paired. That is, associative learning can occur by integrating information across ...

Article GUID: 35517574


Corticostriatal suppression of appetitive Pavlovian conditioned responding

Author(s): Villaruel FR; Martins M; Chaudhri N;

The capacity to suppress learned responses is essential for animals to adapt in dynamic environments. Extinction is a process by which animals learn to suppress conditioned responding when an expected outcome is omitted. The infralimbic cortex (IL) to nucleus accumbens shell (NAcS) neural circuit is implicated in suppressing conditioned responding after e ...

Article GUID: 34880119


The Role of Context Conditioning in the Reinstatement of Responding to an Alcohol-Predictive Conditioned Stimulus

Author(s): LeCocq MR; Sun S; Chaudhri N;

Re-exposure to an unconditioned stimulus (US) can reinstate extinguished conditioned responding elicited by a conditioned stimulus (CS). We tested the hypothesis that the reinstatement of responding to an appetitive CS is driven by an excitatory association formed between the US and the context that the US was ingested in during US re-exposure. Male, Long ...

Article GUID: 34852244


Adaptive behaviour under conflict: deconstructing extinction, reversal, and active avoidance learning.

Author(s): Manning EE, Bradfield LA, Iordanova MD

In complex environments, organisms must respond adaptively to situations despite conflicting information. Under natural (i.e. non-laboratory) circumstances, it is rare that cues or responses are consistently paired with a single outcome. Inconsistent pairings are more common, as are situations where cues and responses are associated with multiple outcomes ...

Article GUID: 33035525


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