1 5G & 6G Innovation Centres (5GIC & 6GIC), Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK.
2 HID Global, GU10 5EH, Farnham, UK.
3 5G & 6G Innovation Centres (5GIC & 6GIC), Institute for Communication Systems (ICS), University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK. m.khalily@surrey.ac.uk.
4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.

A novel polarization reconfigurable anisotropic dielectric resonator antenna (ADRA) is presented utilizing a new modulation scheme to exploit the degree of freedom in the polarization domain. The ADRA comprises periodic assembly dielectric resonators with two different dielectrics constant, equal in size, a vertically positioned metal strip, one varactor diode, and six PIN diode switches. The modulation scheme utilizes the tilt angle and axial ratio (AR) of a wireless signal to convey additional information, enabling the realization of different working modes ranging from circular polarization (CP) to nearly linear polarization (LP). The proposed modulation scheme yields significantly better bit error rate (BER) performance and higher spectral efficiency in bits/s/Hz/antenna. Additionally, the paper presents an antenna design capable of generating an arbitrary polarization state, highlighting the system benefits of polarization modulation. Post-fabrication, the proposed approach is validated by comparing simulated and measured results. The proposed antenna provides a total efficiency higher than 93% in the desired frequency bands and consistent gain at approximately 7.64 dBi and 7.09 dBi at 3.8 GHz, with the impedance matching bandwidth ranging from 3.53 to 3.90 GHz and 3.56 to 3.91 GHz fully overlapping across all polarization states for the simulated and measured results, respectively. Experimental results affirm the robust performance of the proposed ADRA.