1 Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada. adam.crane@concordia.ca.
2 Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada.
3 Department of Life Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad, Tobago.

The propensity for re-triggered predation fear in a prey fish.

Sci Rep. 2020 Jun 09;10(1):9253

Authors: Crane AL, Feyten LEA, Ramnarine IW, Brown GE

Abstract

Variation in predation risk can drive variation in fear intensity, the length of fear retention, and whether fear returns after waning. Using Trinidadian guppies, we assessed whether a low-level predation threat could easily re-trigger fear after waning. First, we show that background risk induced neophobia after either multiple exposures to a low-level threat or a single exposure to a high-level threat. However, a single exposure to the low-level threat had no such effect. The individuals that received multiple background exposures to the low-level threat retained their neophobic phenotype over an 8-day post-risk period, and this response was intensified by a single re-exposure to the low-level threat on day 7. In contrast, the neophobia following the single high-level threat waned over the 8-day period, but the single re-exposure to the low-level threat on day 7 re-triggered the neophobic phenotype. Thus, despite the single low-level exposure being insufficient to induce neophobia, it significantly elevated existing fear and re-triggered fear that had waned. We highlight how such patterns of fear acquisition, retention, and rapid re-triggering play an important role in animal ecology and evolution and outline parallels between the neophobic phenotype in fishes and dimensions of post-traumatic stress in humans.

PMID: 32518253 [PubMed - in process]