Author(s): Jourde HR; Sobral M; Beltrame G; Coffey EBJ;

Sleep spindles are neural events unique to nonrapid eye movement sleep that play key roles in memory reactivation and consolidation. However, much of the evidence for their function remains correlational rather than causal. Closed-loop brain stimulation uses real-time monitoring of neural events (often via electroencephalography; EEG) to deliver precise a ...

Article GUID: 40626105

Author(s): Sobral M; Jourde HR; Marjani Bajestani SE; Coffey EBJ; Beltrame G;

Personalized closed-loop brain stimulation, in which algorithms used to detect neural events adapt to a user's unique neural characteristics, may be crucial to enable optimized and consistent stimulation quality for both fundamental research and clinical applications. Precise stimulation of sleep spindles-transient patterns of brain activity that occu ...

Article GUID: 40609549

Author(s): Cai Z; Pellegrino G; Spilkin A; Delaire E; Uji M; Abdallah C; Lina JM; Fecteau S; Grova C;

Background: The relationship between task-related hemodynamic activity and brain excitability is poorly understood in humans as it is technically challenging to combine simultaneously non-invasive brain stimulation and neuroimaging modalities. Cortical excitability corresponds to the readiness to ...

Article GUID: 40567300

Author(s): Lazzari G; Costantini G; La Rocca S; Massironi A; Cattaneo L; Penhune V; Lega C;

Humans can flexibly extract a regular beat from complex rhythmic auditory patterns, as often occurs in music. Contemporary models of beat perception suggest that the premotor cortex (PMC) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) are integral to this process. However, how these motor planning regions actively contribute to beat perception, along with any pot ...

Article GUID: 40344601

Author(s): Pacheco-Gomez BL; Zepeda-Ruiz WA; Velazquez-Lopez D; Shizgal P; Velazquez-Martinez DN;

Rewarding electrical brain stimulation (EBS) can serve as a discriminative stimulus. It has long been suspected that this discriminative property reflects the subjective intensity of the rewarding effect. In turn, the counter model of spatiotemporal integration attributes the subjective reward intensity produced by a stimulation train of fixed duration to ...

Article GUID: 40015584

Author(s): Busteed L; García-Sánchez C; Pascual-Sedano B; Grunden N; Gironell A; Kulisevsky J; Pagonabarraga J;

Objective: The effects of stimulation frequency on verbal fluency (VF) following subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) are not well understood. The present study examines the impact stimulation frequency has on VF following bilateral STN-DBS in PD. ...

Article GUID: 39127889

Author(s): Alvarez MR; Alkaissi H; Rieger AM; Esber GR; Acosta ME; Stephenson SI; Maurice AV; Valencia LMR; Roman CA; Alarcon JM;

Stimulation of the inflammatory reflex (IR) is a promising strategy for treating systemic inflammatory disorders. Recent studies suggest oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a potential activator of the IR, offering a safe and cost-effective treatment approach. However, the mechanisms underlying N ...

Article GUID: 38549144

Author(s): Carter F; Cossette MP; Trujillo-Pisanty I; Pallikaras V; Breton YA; Conover K; Caplan J; Solis P; Voisard J; Yaksich A; Shizgal P;

Phasic dopamine activity is believed to both encode reward-prediction errors (RPEs) and to cause the adaptations that these errors engender. If so, a rat working for optogenetic stimulation of dopamine neurons will repeatedly update its policy and/or action values, thus iteratively increasing its ...

Article GUID: 38039083

Author(s): Czarina Evangelista

Receipt of an intense reward boosts motivation to work for more of that reward. This phenomenon is called the priming effect of rewards. Using a novel measurement method, we show that the priming effect of rewarding electrical brain stimulation depends on the cost, as well as on the strength, of the anticipated reward. Previous research on the priming eff ...

Article GUID: 37752810

Author(s): Jourde HR; Merlo R; Brooks M; Rowe M; Coffey EBJ;

Closed-loop auditory stimulation (CLAS) is a brain modulation technique in which sounds are timed to enhance or disrupt endogenous neurophysiological events. CLAS of slow oscillation up-states in sleep is becoming a popular tool to study and enhance sleep's functions, as it increases slow oscillations, evokes sleep spindles and enhances memory consoli ...

Article GUID: 37675803

Author(s): Frauscher B; Bénar CG; Engel JJ; Grova C; Jacobs J; Kahane P; Wiebe S; Zjilmans M; Dubeau F;

Since the discovery of the human electroencephalogram (EEG), neurophysiology techniques have become indispensable tools in our armamentarium to localize epileptic seizures. New signal analysis techniques and the prospects of artificial intelligence and big data will offer unprecedented opportunit ...

Article GUID: 37119580