Author(s): Gholizadeh F; Hajiaghayi M; Choi JS; Little SR; Rahbari N; Kargar M; Brotto K; Han E; Shih SCC; Darlington PJ;

Memory T helper (Th) cells, generated in response to immunogenic challenges, are crucial in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. Acetylcholine (ACh), a key neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system, modulates immune function via muscarinic ACh receptors (mAChRs). This study inves ...

Article GUID: 40405417

Author(s): Liu M; Arseneau-Bruneau I; Farrés Franch M; Latorre ME; Samuels J; Issa E; Payumo A; Rahman N; Loureiro N; Leung TCM; Nave KM; von Handorf KM; Hoddinott JD; Coffey EBJ; Grahn J; Zatorre RJ;

This study investigates the interactions between musicianship and two auditory cognitive processes: auditory working memory (AWM) and stream segregation. The primary hypothesis is that AWM could mediate a relationship between musical training and enhanced stream segregation capabilities. Two grou ...

Article GUID: 40226491

Author(s): Cross N; O' Byrne J; Weiner OM; Giraud J; Perrault AA; Dang-Vu TT;

There is growing evidence in humans linking the temporal coupling between spindles and slow oscillations during NREM sleep with the overnight stabilization of memories encoded from daytime experiences in humans. However, whether the type and strength of learning influence that relationship is still unknown. Here we tested whether the amount or type of ver ...

Article GUID: 40214027

Author(s): Leir TMW; Gardner MPH;

New results help address a longstanding debate regarding which learning strategies allow animals to anticipate negative events based on past associations between sensory stimuli.

Article GUID: 40146623

Author(s): Bamisi O; Oluwalabani AO; Arogundade TT; Olajide OJ;

Although there have been reports indicating that Datura Stramonium (D. stramonium) may induce anticholinergic and neuropsychiatry effects, the compound is still being used for recreational and medicinal purposes while ingestion during pregnancy has been documented. Intriguingly, minimal studies have investigated the potential neurotoxic impact of D. stram ...

Article GUID: 39303770

Author(s): Brown A; Gervais NJ; Gravelsins L; O' Byrne J; Calvo N; Ramana S; Shao Z; Bernardini M; Jacobson M; Rajah MN; Einstein G;

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO; removal of ovaries and fallopian tubes) prior to age 48 is associated with elevated risk for both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and sleep disorders such as insomnia and sleep apnea. In early midlife, individuals with BSO show reduced hippocampal volume, functi ...

Article GUID: 39178647

Author(s): Lee K; Wang Y; Cross NE; Jegou A; Razavipour F; Pomares FB; Perrault AA; Nguyen A; Aydin Ü; Uji M; Abdallah C; Anticevic A; Frauscher B; Benali H; Dang-Vu TT; Grova C;

Decrease in cognitive performance after sleep deprivation followed by recovery after sleep suggests its key role, and especially non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, in the maintenance of cognition. It remains unknown whether brain network reorganization in NREM sleep stages N2 and N3 can uniquel ...

Article GUID: 39005401

Author(s): Lazure L; Weladji RB;

Cognition helps wildlife exploit novel resources and environments. Raccoons (Procyon lotor) have successfully adapted to human presence, in part due to their cognitive abilities. However, interactions between humans and wildlife can create conflict. A better understanding of the raccoon's behavioral flexibility and learning ability could mitigate some ...

Article GUID: 38912327

Author(s): Leake J; Leidl DM; Lay BPP; Fam JP; Giles MC; Qureshi OA; Westbrook RF; Holmes NM;

Activity in the basolateral amygdala complex (BLA) is needed to encode fears acquired through contact with both innate sources of danger (i.e., things that are painful) and learned sources of danger (e.g., being threatened with a gun). However, within the BLA, the molecular processes required to consolidate the two types of fear are not the same: protein ...

Article GUID: 37963767

Author(s): Mograss M; Frimpong E; Vilcourt F; Chouchou F; Zvionow T; Dang-Vu TT;

Recent evidence suggests that the autonomic nervous system can contribute to memory consolidation during sleep. Whether fluctuations in cardiac autonomic activity during sleep following physical exercise contribute to the process of memory consolidation has not been studied. We assessed the effects of a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) nap following acute ex ...

Article GUID: 37855092

Author(s): Crane AL; Feyten LEA; Preagola AA; Ferrari MCO; Brown GE;

Uncertainty has long been of interest to economists and psychologists and has more recently gained attention among ecologists. In the ecological world, animals must regularly make decisions related to finding resources and avoiding threats. Here, we describe uncertainty as a perceptual phenomenon of decision-makers, and we focus specifically on the functi ...

Article GUID: 37839808