1 Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
2 Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
3 Hull York Medical School and the Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK.
4 Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
5 Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
6 Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
7 Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
8 Department of Clinical, Neuro and Developmental Psychology, EMGO Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
9 Department of Medicine, Department of Health Research and Policy, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
10 Library, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
11 Department of Community Health Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
12 Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
13 Cuthbertson & Fischer Chair in Pediatric Mental Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
14 Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
15 Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
16 International Union for Health Promotion and Health Education, École de santé publique de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
17 Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
18 Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
19 Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
20 Women's College Hospital and Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
21 Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
22 Escuela de Salud Pública Dr. Salvador Allende, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
23 Laboratorio de Investigación Biomédica, Facultad de Medicina y Nutrición, Avenida Universidad, Durango, Mexico.
24 Child and Adolescent Unit, Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.
25 Childhood Neuropsychiatric Disorders Initiatives, Enugu, Nigeria.
26 Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, Bloomsbury London, UK.
27 School of Nursing, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, USA.
28 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
29 Discipline of Psychiatry, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
30 Department of Psychiatry, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
31 Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.
32 School of Medicine, Universidade Federal De Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
33 Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Roches

Objectives: A previous individual participant data meta-analysis (IPDMA) identified differences in major depression classification rates between different diagnostic interviews, controlling for depressive symptoms on the basis of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We aimed to determine whether similar results would be seen in a different population, using studies that administered the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) in pregnancy or postpartum.

Methods: Data accrued for an EPDS diagnostic accuracy IPDMA were analysed. Binomial generalised linear mixed models were fit to compare depression classification odds for the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID), controlling for EPDS scores and participant characteristics.

Results: Among fully structured interviews, the MINI (15 studies, 2,532 participants, 342 major depression cases) classified depression more often than the CIDI (3 studies, 2,948 participants, 194 major depression cases; adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.21, 11.43]). Compared with the semistructured SCID (28 studies, 7,403 participants, 1,027 major depression cases), odds with the CIDI (interaction aOR = 0.88, 95% CI [0.85, 0.92]) and MINI (interaction aOR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]) increased less as EPDS scores increased.

Conclusion: Different interviews may not classify major depression equivalently.