1 State Key Laboratory of Soil Pollution Control and Safety, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
2 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
3 Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Wastewater Information Analysis and Early Warning, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai, China.
4 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
5 Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
6 US Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, MO, USA.
7 Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
8 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Health, Department of Chemistry and School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
9 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
10 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA.
11 Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
12 Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
13 State Key Laboratory of Green and Efficient Development of Phosphorus Resources and School of Future Membrane Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
14 School of the Environment and Sustainable Engineering, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, China.

Global food trade expansion has enriched diets worldwide but also heightened concerns about contaminant spread. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) can persist in the environment for decades, yet their risks through food trade remain unclear. The global median estimated daily intake (EDI) of C8-PFAS (perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate) (0.023 nanograms per kilograms per day) was mapped from 212 marine fish species, which indicated higher EDIs in North America, Oceania, and Europe. Furthermore, European countries play a pivotal role in C8-PFAS trade flows, markedly reshaping exposure pathways and driving increased exposure in many nations. These dynamics highlight the importance of establishing food-safety regulations and international trade standards. Although perfluorooctane sulfonate hazard index decreased by 72% after its 2009 regulations, unregulated long-chain PFAS continue to pose elevated risks.