1 Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.
2 Surgical Artificial Intelligence Research Academy, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada.
3 Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
4 Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
5 Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
6 Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
7 Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
8 Surgical Artificial Intelligence Research Academy, University Health Network, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada. amin.madani@uhn.ca.
9 Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. amin.madani@uhn.ca.

No abstract available